Abstract

Opinion

Pathogenesis is the Basis of the Doctrine of Acute Pneumonia and the Principles of its Treatment

Igor Klepikov*

Published: 17 November, 2023 | Volume 7 - Issue 2 | Pages: 028-031

Modern medicine has achieved phenomenal success in many areas, turning into a visual and tangible reality the embodiment of some phenomena that in previous years could only be read in works of science fiction.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jprr.1001048 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

References

  1. Bowen O. Croupous Pneumonia Treated by Cold Sponging. Br Med J. 1883 Nov 17;2(1194):957. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.1194.957. PMID: 20750753; PMCID: PMC2373102.
  2. Musser J. The treatment of pneumococcic infection of the lung, or croupous pneumonia: a clinical lecture delivered at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. by Musser JH. 1904. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vc8t6246
  3. Lilly E, Kundu RV. Dermatoses secondary to Asian cultural practices. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Apr;51(4):372-9; quiz 379-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05170.x. PMID: 22435423.
  4. Winters JE. Treatment of croupous pneumonia in children.; Royal College of Surgeons of England. Read before the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital. 1906. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dhs6pqne
  5. Schwiegk H. Der Lungenentlastungsreflex. Pflügers Arch Ges Physiol, 1935; 236: 206-219.
  6. Podolsky SH. The changing fate of pneumonia as a public health concern in 20th-century America and beyond. Am J Public Health. 2005 Dec;95(12):2144-54. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.048397. Epub 2005 Oct 27. PMID: 16257952; PMCID: PMC1449499.
  7. Klepikov I. Acute pneumonia and its purulent and destructive complications in children in the midst of a major industrial centre of Western Siberia. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Science. Leningrad, 1989, USSR.
  8. Klepikov I. The Didactics of Acute Lung Inflammation. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2022; 320. ISBN: 1-5275-8810-6, ISBN13: 978-1-5275-8810-3
  9. Thillai M, Patvardhan C, Swietlik EM, McLellan T, De Backer J, Lanclus M, De Backer W, Ruggiero A. Functional respiratory imaging identifies redistribution of pulmonary blood flow in patients with COVID-19. Thorax. 2021 Feb;76(2):182-184. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215395. Epub 2020 Aug 28. PMID: 32859733.
  10. Dierckx W, De Backer W, Lins M, De Meyer Y, Ides K, Vandevenne J, De Backer J, Franck E, Lavon BR, Lanclus M, Thillai M. CT-derived measurements of pulmonary blood volume in small vessels and the need for supplemental oxygen in COVID-19 patients. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Dec 1;133(6):1295-1299. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00458.2022. Epub 2022 Oct 21. PMID: 36269576; PMCID: PMC9722246.
  11. Heneghan C, Plueddemann A, Mahtani KR. Differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia. April 8, 2020. The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Evidence Service to support the COVID-19 response. University of Oxford. 2020. https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/differentiating-viral-from-bacterial-pneumonia.
  12. Kamat IS, Ramachandran V, Eswaran H, Guffey D, Musher DM. Procalcitonin to Distinguish Viral From Bacterial Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 16;70(3):538-542. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz545. PMID: 31241140.
  13. Lhommet C, Garot D, Grammatico-Guillon L, Jourdannaud C, Asfar P, Faisy C, Muller G, Barker KA, Mercier E, Robert S, Lanotte P, Goudeau A, Blasco H, Guillon A. Predicting the microbial cause of community-acquired pneumonia: can physicians or a data-driven method differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia at patient presentation? BMC Pulm Med. 2020 Mar 6;20(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-1089-y. PMID: 32143620; PMCID: PMC7060632.
  14. Cillóniz C, Torres A, Niederman MS. Management of pneumonia in critically ill patients. BMJ. 2021 Dec 6;375:e065871. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-065871. PMID: 34872910.
  15. Phua J, Dean NC, Guo Q, Kuan WS, Lim HF, Lim TK. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: timely management measures in the first 24 hours. Crit Care. 2016 Aug 28;20(1):237. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1414-2. PMID: 27567896; PMCID: PMC5002335.
  16. Gavelli F, Castello LM, Avanzi GC. Management of sepsis and septic shock in the emergency department. Intern Emerg Med. 2021 Sep;16(6):1649-1661. doi: 10.1007/s11739-021-02735-7. Epub 2021 Apr 22. PMID: 33890208; PMCID: PMC8354945.
  17. Lin GL, McGinley JP, Drysdale SB, Pollard AJ. Epidemiology and Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Sepsis. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 27;9:2147. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02147. PMID: 30319615; PMCID: PMC6170629.
  18. Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Med. 2020 Feb;46(Suppl 1):10-67. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05878-6. PMID: 32030529; PMCID: PMC7095013.
  19. Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. 2015 Sep 12;386(9998):1097-108. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60733-4. Epub 2015 Aug 12. PMID: 26277247; PMCID: PMC7173092.
  20. Gattinoni L, Gattarello S, Steinberg I, Busana M, Palermo P, Lazzari S, Romitti F, Quintel M, Meissner K, Marini JJ, Chiumello D, Camporota L. COVID-19 pneumonia: pathophysiology and management. Eur Respir Rev. 2021 Oct 20;30(162):210138. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0138-2021. PMID: 34670808; PMCID: PMC8527244.
  21. Rollas K, Ersan G, Zincircioğlu C. Septic shock in patients admitted to intensive care unit with COVID-19 pneumonia. Eurasian J 2021; 2021; 23:95-100
  22. Ramirez JA, Wiemken TL, Peyrani P, Arnold FW, Kelley R, Mattingly WA, Nakamatsu R, Pena S, Guinn BE, Furmanek SP, Persaud AK, Raghuram A, Fernandez F, Beavin L, Bosson R, Fernandez-Botran R, Cavallazzi R, Bordon J, Valdivieso C, Schulte J, Carrico RM; University of Louisville Pneumonia Study Group. Adults Hospitalized With Pneumonia in the United States: Incidence, Epidemiology, and Mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 13;65(11):1806-1812. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix647. PMID: 29020164.
  23. Jiang J, Yang J, Jin Y, Cao J, Lu Y. Role of qSOFA in predicting mortality of pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Oct;97(40):e12634. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012634. PMID: 30290639; PMCID: PMC6200542.
  24. Peyrani P, Arnold FW, Bordon J, Furmanek S, Luna CM, Cavallazzi R, Ramirez J. Incidence and Mortality of Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia According to Clinical Course. Chest. 2020 Jan;157(1):34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.09.022. Epub 2019 Oct 11. PMID: 31610158.
  25. Leiter RE. Reentry. NEJM. 2020. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2027447
  26. Statement on the fifteenth meeting of the IHR (2005) Emergency Committee on the COVID-19 pandemic. 5 May 2023
  27. WHO. COVID-19 Epidemiological Update - 29 September 2023.

Figures:

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?